Summary and Responce Essay Example

Summary and Responce Essay Example Summary and Responce Essay Summary and Responce Essay Who could possibly take any interest in someone who has spent their entire life in an asylum? This story portrays how the life of a young girl with little to no real life experiences living In an asylum is going to live a life of Interest. Daddy Long Legs a book by Jean Webster tells the story of Seraph Abbott whose life takes a drastic turn after learning that a mysterious benefactor referred to as Mr.. John Smith by Mrs.. Lappet. Mr.. Smith takes an unusual Interest In MISS. Abbots education. In the past, e has sent only male students to higher educations. In exchange for her education and monthly allowance, Seraph Abbott is required to write a letter every month, for which she will never expect a reply. Seraph grew up in an asylum where she was the oldest; meaning she had the responsibility of making sure the little ones were ready in the morning and ready for bed at night among many other chores. They were not fed the highest quality of food, and had to wear other peoples old clothes. She often got stared at school from the other girls whom had nice clothing. During one of the monthly visits from the trustees, Mrs.. Lappet informs Seraph that Mr.. John Smith who she later refers to as Daddy Long Legs Is a rich man has offered to be her benefactor for her college studies. He has heard from her former teachers and knows that she Is an excellent writer. This direct quote from when she Is Informed that Mr.. Smith wants to sent her to school to become a writer describes what Is expected from her. That is his wish. Whether anything will come of it, the future will show. He is giving you a very liberal allowance, almost, for a girl who has never had any experience in taking care of money, too liberal. But he planned the matter in detail, and I did not feel free to make any suggestions. You are to remain here through the summer, and Miss Pritchard has kindly offered to superintend your outfit. Your board and tuition will be paid directly to the college, and you will receive in addition during the four years you are there, an allowance of thirty-five dollars a month. This will enable you to enter on the same standing as the other students. The money will be sent to you by the gentlemans private secretary once a month, and in return, you will rite a letter of acknowledgment once a month. That Is?you are not to thank him for the money; he doesnt care to have that mentioned, but you are to write a letter telling of the progress in your studies and the details of your daily life. Just such a letter as you would write to your parents if they were living. (7) After enrolling in an all girls college on the east coast, one of the first things that Seraph does is change her name to Judy. She feels that by changing her name it will allow her to fit in better with her peers. Here is excerpt from one of the letters that she writes to Mr.. Smith describing her new living arrangements There are three other girls on the same floor of the tower?a Senior who wears spectacles and is always asking us please to be a little more quiet, and two Freshmen named Sallies McBride and Julia Rutledge Pendleton. Sallies has red hair and a turn-up nose and Is quite friendly; Julia comes from one of the first females In New York and hasnt noticed me yet. They room together and the Senior and I have singles. Usually Freshmen cant get singles; they re very scarce, but I got one without even asking. I suppose the registrar didnt think it would be right to ask a properly brought-up girl to room with a foundling. You see This first chapter was extraordinarily assembled where you become familiarized with how Caesuras current life has been impacted by the struggles of being brought up as an orphan in an asylum. In high school she was teased for the way she dressed. In college she was made fun of for not knowing famous authors and for not have read famous books, some as popular as The Little Women or Mother Goose. Everyone around her had grown up with a normal life. The differences in her upbringing versus those surrounding her was easy to hide. Seraph spent many hours reading books to educate herself and to make her life easier by allowing her to communicate with her peers. Im a foreigner in the world and I dont understand the language. Its a miserable feeling. Ive had it all my life. At the high school the girls would stand in groups and Just look at me. I was queer and different and everybody knew it. I could FEEL John Greer Home written on my face. (13) This book ay be a little outdated, but it is still an amiable novel. Thinking back to the beginning, it was sometimes grueling to follow the storyline. One of the difficulties in reading this was on how Judy sometimes wrote everyday multiple times a day to only monthly. This novel is worthwhile of the time it took to finish reading it. Anyone who enjoys getting caught up in such well rounded characters and viewing their lives through their own eyes will enjoy this book. Jean Webster created a wonderful piece of work describing in detail how this young lady learns more about herself as she grows up.

Receiving Inspiration from the Small Things We Encounter. EssaySupply.com

Receiving Inspiration from the Small Things We Encounter Receiving Inspiration from the Small Things We Encounter When we were children, we did not pay much attention to world leaders and other public figures whose achievements and speeches inspired our parents. Our worlds were made up of the little pleasures, the everyday observations we made of our physical world, our playmates and our teachers - the simple fun of watching a ladybug travel across a large leaf or the happiness of having a friend over to play. As adults, we forget these marvels of our childhood, and we seek to be inspired by the big ideas, by the big heroes, and by the major accomplishments of mankind, just as our parents did. We have forgotten our childhood inspirations, and maybe we should try to capture those types of things again. Maybe we need to remind ourselves that sources of inspiration are all around us. Here are some examples that may cause you to pause, take a breath, and really see your world. Nature When was the last time you stopped to observe some wonders of nature from which you could draw inspiration? Here are a few things you might want to re-visit: Watch a bee as it extracts pollen from a flower Watch a colony of ants carrying food back to their nest Watch a hummingbird feed itself with its wings moving so fat, you can barely see them Watch a mama robin pull a worm from the ground, mush it up in her mouth and then feed it to her babies in the nest. How hard these little critters work, just for their daily sustenance and to ensure that their species live on. This should inspire all of us to work harder, not just for the sake of our own children but for the sake of all generations to come. What inspiration can we get to do whatever we can, if only on an individual basis, to care for our planet so that future generations have a safe, clean environment in which to raise their children? People We have big heroes – Steven Hawking, the hometown hero who rescued children from a burning building and became an overnight local news sensation, Mother Theresa, the Pope, a politician whose speeches captivate and inspire us. Who, for example, can forget John Kennedy’s words, â€Å"Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.†Ã‚   But what about the small heroes we encounter every day – people who are generous, kind, courageous, and serve as role models to others. The kid who steps in and helps another who is being bullied The man who stops by a disabled homeless individual and proceeds to give him a large donation The child cancer victims who are putting up a courageous fight and remaining positive The diner who leaves a huge tip because s/he knows how little servers make The man on the street who rakes his elderly neighbor’s leaves and shovels her driveway in the winter. All of these people should inspire us to be better than we are. If we continue to look around ourselves, as we go about our daily lives and activities, we will find those things and people that inspire us – It’s what we do with that inspiration that then really counts.

Ethics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Ethics - Assignment Example Therefore, what I have learned from this module is that although the doctors and physicians have the monopoly to treat their patients they still have to be accountable under the law and personally. Additionally, I have learned that it is important to be competent in the workplace to avoid lawsuits and to ensure that the health care system is running without any interruptions. In that, when there is staff competency people have faith in the health care system. In addition, although technology has helped in ensuring that there are no clinical errors, when it comes to patient’s privacy it has proven to be impracticable as most computers that have data stored can be hacked (Morrison, 2011). I would apply the lessons I have learned in this module to educate the administrators on the importance of hiring competent employees, as well as, safeguarding the privacy of the employee, which is the most vital thing. I would also ensure that people have a clear understanding of accountability to themselves and to the law. The website gives insightful information on the general overview of health care ethics. It begins by giving the definition of the term health care ethics mentioning that it is the guiding principle of medical care. The websites further establishes the core principles of health care ethics in the United States. It indicates that there are four main principles namely autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice. It is clearly established that all the four principles are always in all use at times while treating the patients. Ascension Health website is an example, of an institution website that provides its medical care providers with the necessary guideline to help them in ensuring that their patients get the best. It site indicates that it has two primary goals in their ethics section and that is to allow the professionals in Ascension

Racism in the White Dog Film Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Racism in the White Dog Film - Assignment Example As demonstrated in the movie, â€Å"White Dog,† racism is seen to be a deep-seated issue in the society in which every race harbors some resentment against other races. The film was highly criticized across the United States for its racist views. The White Dog is a movie that demonstrates racial conflicts and disparities. At the beginning of the movie, actress Julie Sawyer finds a stray white dog that she takes gives treatment and goes looking for the owner. She is unsuccessful in tracing the owner hence she ends up having the dog with her. A rapist attacks Julie one night but the dog protected her. This makes Julie decide to adopt the dog despite the fact that her boyfriend was opposed to it. In advancing the racial theme, the dog happens to have been trained against the black people. In the process, it ends up killing a black truck driver as well as Julie’s colleague (Pearl 11). This demonstrates racial discrimination; the reasons for targeting only the blacks in a negative way reveal the black race in a bad light. Apparently, the dog was trained in order to attack black people that it came across. However, despite the dog being seen to be a racist or having been trained to be a racist, it goes further to save Julie from the hands of a rapist irrespective of their tribal affiliation. There is a variation in the perception of characters towards racial prejudice. Julie was one of the characters that outstood in developing an intervention towards the situation of the white dog. She realized that the dog had some training that did not go well with her expectations. This made her embark on looking for a dog trainer. The first one she meets is called Carruthers, who also harbors anti-racism thoughts hence he recommends that the dog should be killed.

Determining a substance by tritration Essay Example for Free

Determining a substance by tritration Essay Aim: Using the procedures of a standard acid base titration lab, the goal of this experiment is identifying the amount of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) that is presented in a calcium carbonate substance presented by our teacher. Hypothesis: Due to any unknown substance that we encounter in the chemistry room, we must take serious precaution, as the substance may very well be highly contagious and dangerous to smell, touch or taste directly. The only ability that we posses that can be used to observer this substance is our vision that is going to help us in determining the concentration of the substance. Although that with vision only, it will not suffice the need that is necessary to make that judgment as we need quantitative data (finding the exact concentration of calcium carbonate). Unless we have prior knowledge about this substance, the processes of a titration must be used. My hypothesis begins that this has about 60% concentration. Variables: Independent Variable: There is none in this experiment. The goal of this lab is not to include any variables that will change the concentration of the calcium carbonate. We need constant results for the concentration of the calcium carbonate, as that will determine the actual concentration of the calcium carbonate in our substance. Dependent Variable: The volume needed to titrate the calcium carbonate solution by using the phenolphthalein indicator. Though it is a clear substance, the indicator will change its color into pink when the solution becomes a base from an acid. By determining the amount of hydrochloric acid is needed to change the color of the solution, we can determine the concentration of calcium carbonate through some calculations. Controlled Variables: 1. The Distilled Water: The distilled water will be the only water that will be used during the entire experiment. The distilled water was prepared and resented by our teacher. 2. The calcium carbonate substance: The calcium carbonate substance was constant throughout the entire experiment. 3. The Hydrochloric Acid: The hydrochloric acid was one of the main components of this experiment. Therefore this acid was also prepared and presented by the teacher. 4. All Equipment: All the same equipments such as the pipette and the filter paper were used throughout the experiment. Apparatus: * Unknown white powdered substance * 50cm3 burette * 3 250cm3 Erlenmeyer flask * 200cm3 for hydrochloric acid * 0.1M of Sodium Hydroxide * Burette clamp * Retort stand * Distilled water * Goggles * Filter paper * A funnel * Phenolphthalein indicator * A scale * Paper towel * A spoon * Pipette * Pipette sucker * White paper Method: 1. First set up the retort stand and the retort clamp as indicated by the diagram below. Of course, the flask must be prepared in the subsequent steps. However unlike the diagram, place a white piece of paper beneath the flask so that the color change becomes more easily visible. 2. After placing the paper towel and scaling the scale, measure out approximately 10.0 grams of the unknown substance and record the exact mass 3. Add 200cm3 of 1.00-mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid and stir until the reaction is complete. 4. Filter the solution and withdraw 10cm3 using a pipette and make up to 100 cm3 in a volumetric flask. 5. Titrate 10cm3 portions against a standard 0.1M NaOH using the phenolphthalein indicator. 6. Record both quantitative and qualitative data. 7. Repeat the process of titration three times. Observation (Data Collection): Measurements: * Mass of Calcium Carbonate solution: * Burette: Calcium Carbonate solution made using 250cm3volumetric flask with an uncertainty of ?0.5cm3 * Pipette: 25.0cm3 of 0.100moldm-3 NaOH(aq) ?0.04cm3 Chemical Equations: Before we delve into the calculations, it is best that we list the necessary chemical equations of this lab. One must note that in this experiment, that there were two chemical reactions. Firstly, the first experiment occurs when the white substance mixed with the HCl. The second chemical reaction took place when the HCl solution meets with the .1M of NaOH 1. 2. Qualitative Data: Description of the substance used and produced Hydrochloric Acid Clear, viscous, Calcium Carbonate White, powder form Phenolphthalein Indicator Clear solution, comes in a bottle, add as drops Solution Produced in the end Bubbly, white liquid, most of the unknown mixture dissolved Clear/pink throughout. Quantitative Data: Measurement Recorded During the Experiment Trial 1 2 3 4* Initial Burette Reading (ml?0.05cm3) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Final Burette Reading (ml?0.05cm3) 5.45 5.90 5.60 5.40 *To note, for the calculations below, the supervisor at the time suggested the best data to use would be the average of the HCl used because the numbers found were very consistent. Calculations The following steps were taken so to find the % by mass of CaCO3 in the mixture 1. The moles of acid presented in 200cm3of 1.00 mol dm-3hydrochloric acid. 2. The moles of acid presented in 10cm3of the acid solution titrated. 0.00056molof HCl 3. Multiply the volume present in the volumetric flask. 4. The total moles acids remaining after the reaction with CaCO3 5. Subtract the value in 4 from that obtained in 1 to find moles acid used. 6. The stochiometric equation for the reaction of HCl and CaCO3 Hydrochloric acid+Calcium carbonateCalcium chloride+water+Carbon dioxide -Therefore the molar ratio is 1 mole of calcium carbonate to 2 moles of hydrochloric acid 7. Using this and the value in 5 to calculate the moles of CaCO3 present. Then calculate the mass of CaCO3 8. Using the value found in step 7 and the original mass of the mixture, here is the calculation to find percent of the mixture is made up of CaCO3 Uncertainties: * * * * Total Uncertainty= Conclusion: This experiment in general was very interesting. During this lab, I was able to learn of how we can identify the amount of a substance by knowing the concentration and volume of another. We were able to do so as we knew the moles and concentration of sodium hydroxide that had enabled us to find the unknown concentration of calcium carbonate. Because the actual percentage of CaCO3 was not given, we must concur that the accuracy of this lab has been affected and therefore must be assessed by our uncertainty percentage. The percent of uncertainties represents the desultory errors that may have occurred, which either may make the measurements bigger or smaller than the accepted value, due to imprecise measurement. One way to avoid future random errors, better equipment may be needed, or repetition of the measurements. Despite the uncertainties based on lab equipments and other mediums of measurements, one of the biggest possible sources of error lies in the systematic errors of this lab, especially finding the exact endpoint. Though the pink color should indicate when the endpoint is reached, in trial 2 and 3, the solution turned a faint pink color and my partners and I did not know whether that faint pink indicated the endpoint. This could have resulted in a measurement lower than the actual value. To possibly improve this source of error, I believe more time and trials should be allotted to the students. When I was doing my experiment, we were only given a single class time to follow the procedures, write down our notes, and clean up our experiment. If more time was allotted, then higher quality recordings could be made. This would then give us a clearer idea when the endpoint actually is. Next, though it is unlikely, to improve this lab we may have to rinse the burettes and other flasks prior to performing this lab. In my chemistry classroom, burettes and flasks are arranged so that the clean ones are clearly seen and labeled while the used ones are in the sink. However it could be possible that another student may have placed an unclean burette in the cabinet full of clean equipments. Therefore, for accuracy purposes, all equipment should be washed using soap and tissues. Reviewing and understanding the errors can significantly improve this experiment. Though my hypothesis of the concentration being 60% calcium carbonate was wrong, this experiment taught me the value and usefulness of the process of titration.

The Paper Of Great Things -- essays research papers

THE PAPER OF GREAT THINGS In the novel The God of Small Things by Arudhati Roy a relationship between a family is shown and the painful past comes through several memories and the presence of the caste system in India is used to juxtapose right vs. wrong. A very powerful closeness is observed between the two main characters and through their relationship one of the main themes of love through obscurity is showcased by the symbolism and diction used by Roy. Several other themes are shown in the novel and highlight the journey the human soul goes through in such trauma and desperation. The bond that the twins share and the manner in which they relate to others directly portray how humans can communicate on a deeper level. The lack of emotions or apathy that is expressed through this twins as a result of their past shows the pain that some endure as a result of other’s severe actions. The symbolism of emotions shone only through remembrance of the past and the repercussions that those reflections have on the present lives of those involved is illustrated through the story of the twins as well. This novel showcases a family struggling to overcome the tragic events of the past and how they are forced to heal with hurtful emotions and express pain through distinct bonds, apathy, and frequent flashbacks to a carefree time that was so full of opportunity and endless faith.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The bond that the twin’s share shows the severity of pain that some can experience and how close people, who have needs and desires, can become as a result. â€Å"When life was full of beginnings and no ends and everything was forever, Esthappen and Rahel thought of themselves together as me and separately as we or us† (Roy, 4). The twins are closer than most families and share a connection that bonds them emotionally as well as mentally and allows them to feel each other on another level. â€Å"Rahel and Estha are fraternal twins whose emotional connection to one another is stronger than that of most siblings† (Gale research). The events that have occurred to both of them throughout their lives have allowed them to mold nearly into one being for fear of the pain that could affect them both. â€Å"Their childhood household hummed with hidden antagonisms and pains that only a family member could have given one another†(Gale research). Bl ood is thicker than water, the feelings that... ...). The duality of their personalities blends to create one soul intensifying the emotions they individually experience but then re-create and experience all over again. â€Å"She has other memories too that she has no right to have†(Roy,8). They are so connected mentally that any thought that enters his head will echo through hers. The same is true of the feelings they intensify by sharing and manifesting inside one another.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The three different symbol that surface throughout the novel mean so much more than they are described as and all represent the challenges that one much overcome to endure and cope with extreme pain. Whether a person find sanctuary in another person or inside his or her own soul there is always hope for the soul you can save, your own. â€Å"The God of Small Things is a demanding novel that provokes many questions regarding the conflict between human desire and deep rooted emotions†(Gale research). The view of this family is highly aimed at everyone in some way and the pain they endure and how they learn to deal with tumultuous emotions that threaten every shred of dignity, ray of hope, and heart beat of love that lies inside every person.

Playing God in Today’s World Essay

The two fictional characters who â€Å"play God† in their own lives are two doctors, one of philosophy (Faustus) and one of medicine (Frankenstein) and, in real life, it is anyone who takes power over another’s and one’s own life and makes up his/her own rules which go against the commandments given to us by God as the athlete Lance Armstrong did during many years. First, there is Dr. Faustus, a very famous and successful scholar. He is a smart man who knows everything about almost all sciences in the world, including philosophy, theology, law, and medicine. Yet, this knowledge is not enough for him. He is greedy and obsessive about it and the more he learns, the more he desires. Soon, all that he knows makes him extremely bored; there is only one science that gives him excitement – magic. â€Å"These books by magicians- lines, circles and mysterious drawings- Yes, these are the books that I enjoy the most. Oh, what a world of power and reward they promise the hard-working student! With this knowledge, I’ll be the master of everything that moves on Earth†¦ this is your answer Faustus. Use your brain to become a god† (Marlowe 22). Faustus is willing to do anything to be the greatest in this field, so he decides to sign an agreement with the Devil and give him his soul in exchange for 24 years of magical talents and power over life itself. After this agreement is set, Faustus gets all the unimaginable power in life; learns all that he wants about this forbidden science; brings people back to life, and earns worldwide admiration and recognition for his work. Nevertheless, none of these God-like powers and tricks of magic bring him happiness. Deep in his heart he knows he is doing wrong and he will be damned forever. At last, he ends his days being lonely and is punished forever in hell. Clearly, Faustus tries to play God, but at the end, the only thing he does is to bring God’s anger upon himself. â€Å"With paper wings he flew too near the sun and heaven planned his downfall† (epilogue). Secondly, there is Victor Frankenstein, a man who has everything he needs plus a very happy family. He is a great man, who is dedicated to his studies and very clever, but he makes the same mistake as Faustus did. He plays God by trying to discover the secrets of life, and when he does, he uses them the wrong way. When his mother dies, he has to leave his sad family and go to university to study medicine. There, he becomes obsessed with the idea of knowing â€Å"the secret of life† and how to help others not to feel the sorrow he and his family did because of the loss of a loved one. Soon, after much study about death and life, he finds the answer to all the questions in his head and starts to develop a horrible project. â€Å"He takes parts from dead people and builds a new ‘man’. But this monster is so big and frightening that everyone runs away from him – even Frankenstein himself! (Comment by editor). Victor is so terrified of his own creation that the only thing he wants is to escape from it so, irresponsibly; he abandons his laboratory and the monster, which has no idea of how to speak, survive, or live. †The monster is like an enormous baby who needs love. But nobody gives him love, and soon he learns to hate. And because he is so strong, the next thing he learns is how to kill† (Comment by editor). The monster is full of resentment and decides to make Frankenstein just an unhappy and lonely as he has been his entire life. He kills all people Frankenstein loves and makes Victor look forward only to the day that he can be dead and together with his family. Clearly, Frankenstein tries to play God, but at the end, the only thing he does is to bring unhappiness and misery to his life and his loved ones’. Finally, there is Lance Armstrong, a successful and rich cyclist who has won the Tour De France seven consecutive times. He has a lot of fans around the world and is considered a strong and admirable man by many people. However, after years of arduous denials and attacks on any person who has questioned his clams of competing clean, he has been proved to use performance-enhancing drugs since 1998. Now, he is disqualified from all his titles since that year and banned from professional cycling for life. Fans, friends, and family have gone away from him and now he is left only with the money that he has made, but today this does not seem to make him happy. He did a lot of mistakes through his career and personal life and used his cancer to justify them to himself. My cocktail, so to speak, was only EPO, not a lot, [blood] transfusions and testosterone, which I almost justified because of my history. Obviously, the testicular cancer and losing [a testicle], [I] thought, surely I’m running low. †(Armstrong’s interview with Oprah). The first mistake that he makes is to forget about his spiritual values and to start violating God’s law. Victory becomes his obsession and he is wi lling to obtain it at all costs. He is not only loosing his soul, but also damaging his body and reputation. Moreover, he has given false witness in front of millions of people and fooled everyone who believes in him. Again in this case, it is clearly illustrated how â€Å"playing God† can destroy someone’s life. Considering all the above, it is evident how obsessions can lead people to self-destruction. Armstrong, Frankenstein, and Dr. Faustus have made up their own rules and ways of living, according to what they want and not caring about how they are damaging themselves and the ones around them. They are all men of successes until God decides that it’s time to pay for the mistakes they have done; and at that point, it is too late to repent. The three of them have forgotten that life is not about what we accomplish, but about the way we do it.

Problems posed by ‘cybercrimes’

Cyber crime is defined as those crimes involving abuse of electronic media or the information contained in it by influencing the computers functioning or the functioning of its system to the detriment of other individuals/organizations. The emerging information technology trends have seen has seen increased use of computers across the globe. This rapid expansion in terms of information communication technology capability to transmit bulk of information has seen enormous transmission across the internet and computers daily.With this increased transmission there has emerged a new twist in criminal activities. In addition it has created window for perpetration of harmful activities by criminal organization. Another fundamental twist arising from internet and computer usage is intellectual appropriation. The emergence of such crimes being committed against computers, and the corresponding information in computers is gradually shifting attention towards the threats posed by cyber crimes. This is coupled by the anonymity of such crimes as well as the less aware population being preyed upon.The camouflaging nature of such crimes thus presents new challenges to the law enforcement agency due to the inevitable need to transform in response to this changing criminal landscape. In addition lack of proper legal structures and legislations have condemned businesses and the respective governments to there own discretion in protecting themselves against cyber crime. Such measures employed include the technical measures aimed at securing their systems. However, this is not enough to secure the existing cyber space from criminals.There is an additional need for application of the law in fighting this emerging menace. This paper will analyze the various types of cybercrimes, the problems they pose to the law enforcement agencies and in conclusion analyze the sufficiency of the cyber crimes laws in Australia in dealing with the problems posed by cyber crimes. Understanding the pr oblems that cyber crime pose to the modern nations requires a deeper understanding of the various faces that such crimes take.Cyber crimes in different forms which include; denial of service (DoS), identity theft, stalking, piracy, pornography, hacking, unauthorized modification, viruses, unauthorized copying, credit card crime, extortion, phishing, spoofing, cyber defamation and salami attack among others. Denial of service involves such acts by criminals aimed at flooding of victim’s network bandwidth of overloading of a victims mailbox with spam thus denying the victim access to his entitled services accessibility/provision.Unlike the early days DoS where simple tools generated and sent attack packets fro one source to another external source, such attacks have transformed to incorporate use of attacks from single source to multiple destinations as well as multiple sources to single destinations. However, the most recent development which involves use of self propagating w orms has increasingly created a new twist to reaction to such attacks. Hacking on the other hand has emerged as a regular crime as technology continues to advance.Hacking basically involves illegal computer systems intrusion as no permission is sought from the users/owner of the intruded system. Most of hacking is often attributed to teenagers as well as young adults. Hacking is often considered an art of exploration by computer technology buffs who engage in computer exploration rather than being intent on committing crime. The hackers often use hacking as a venue to displaying their skills and not as a tool of harming others.Virus dissemination on the other hand involves release of malicious software’s that often attach themselves to the existing software application resulting into a range of system detriments including system retardation and information sending among others. Such include; worms and Trojan horse among others. Pornography on the other hand has emerged as a s uccessful product in e-commerce that often applies deceptive techniques in its marketing most common being the mouse trapping technology.However, the ease of accessing such cites even to children is increasingly raising concern. Internet relays chat servers have likewise emerged as suitable avenues for criminal meetings from anywhere in the world. Hackers too are known to use such sites in discussing of their various exploits and sharing of information on the same. In addition Pedophiles have been known to use such sites in luring of children to their activities. Such avenues have thus presented avenues for increased criminal activities and planning.Credit card fraud has also increasingly grown more especially when the card’s numbers are used in unsecured electronic transaction resulting into the credit card numbers being stolen by hackers who end up misusing the cards through owner impersonation. Such fraudsters have also been known to use advanced techniques in duplication of credit cards. An emerging trend has also emerged where the confidential data of companies is illegally copied with the aim of extorting huge sums of money from the company.Phishing has also emerged with the rising of technology where information confidential to account holders in financial institutions is pulled out through deceptive ways. Spoofing on the other hand involves use of one computer in assuming another computer’s identity. Another form of cyber crime involves circumstances where defamatory messages are posted on the internet regarding an individual. Likewise stalking has emerged as a form of crime where the criminals trace individuals using the messages they use within the chat rooms.Salami attacks have on the other hand used to perform crime acts that involve insignificant amounts deduction from customer’s bank accounts and depositing it into their accounts. Such varied nature of cyber crimes presents with it varied challenges to the law enforcement age ncies. Latest significant form of cyber crime is the Nigerian 4-19 scheme where letters supposing presence of large amount of money in which the victim is required to help are distributed to prominent business, and professional personalities with the aim of hoodwinking them.Law enforcement agencies have had to reckon with the emergence of this new form of crime that comes with a variety of challenges in addition to its shifting landscape. Often such challenges may be classified as technical, judicial or ethical. Technical problems pose the greatest challenge to law enforcement agencies more so, on the issue of traceability more so considering the anonymous nature with which such crimes are perpetrated. It is always extremely cumbersome to locate the IP address from which such crime occur.Under such cases the criminals at times use other persons IP address to connect to a third party who then is unable to identify the actual source of the crime. Such connections are done using proxie s with socks4 and socks5 proxies often used by criminals. Often criminals are known to resource proxies through use of machines belonging to innocent and unaware users. Such present a challenge to law enforcement agencies in their quest to track down cyber criminals.Criminals are also known to use fast-flux networks in making of website resistant to firewall website filters and any attempts at law agencies to track them down. Such criminal activities always direct attempts to access the IP address to some arbitrary Zombie machine. Convicting of cyber criminals upon arrest may also prove cumbersome due to lack of evidence in such instances that the criminal has encrypted his/her computers data. This thus presents the challenge of obtaining evidence even in such circumstances where the criminal has been positively identified.In addition tracking down such crimes in order to gain crucial evidence is difficult considering that the criminal activity’s traces disappear as soon as t he connection is broken such a challenge may also be attributed to the over-reliance exhibited by law enforcement agencies on ISP’s rather engaging in a day to day co-ordination with the providers as this would enhance quick tracking responses. Ignorance also plays a major role in inhibiting the attempts by law enforcement agencies to fight cyber crime.Most of such crime often goes unreported as ether the victims are unaware that the activity may be classified as criminal or by mere lack of information. Large institutions like banks are also known for failing to report such incidence with the aim of protecting their public image from getting distorted. Other cases are only brought to light after a considerable period of time has elapsed and any evidence that would have aided prosecution has been lost. The digital technology as well as computing convergence has changed the ways of life.Unprecedented criminal opportunities have emerged with some unforeseeable criminal activitie s becoming a reality. This comes with the need for prosecutors to possess effective knowledge to deal with these emerging crimes. Appropriate training of the relevant law enforcement agencies to meet the competencies exhibited by such criminals is also a fundamental issue. Most countries, more so the underdeveloped countries lack effectively trained personnel to counter the activities of the criminals.The moral underpinning of cyber crime is also bound to pose a challenge to the law enforcement agencies as their action aimed at reacting to the same may be interpreted as a human right violations. Such may include arbitrary searches in quick response to an ongoing connection which may be interpreted as a search without warrant. On the other seeking a search warrant may provide adequate time for the perpetrator to break connection before identification.Jurisdiction problems likewise remain a major challenge to the law enforcement agencies in fighting of cyber crime. Cyber crime is know n to take a transnational perspective across various countries borders. The fundamental issue then arising is the issue of sovereign jurisdiction. In USA V Griffiths, the question of dual criminality was raised and the consequent requirement for existence of the same to allows criminal extradition.While one country may have already recognized a respective cyber offense as constituting a criminal offense, the other may have not. The resultant effect then would allow a criminal to operate from one given country without fear of facing legal action and harming victims of another country. The cases clearly illustrated the extent to which judicial barriers may hinder law enforcement agencies from effectively performing their duty and apprehend such criminals.In R v BODEN the existing legal provisions proved insufficient to sustain prosecution of Mr. Boden resulting to his release. In addition the question as to who holds jurisdiction likewise presents an obstacle to law enforcement agenci es in fighting cyber crime. When a criminal commits the crime in one country but it affects an individual in another country, there exist no clear legislations that prescribe the country on whose laws such an individual should face prosecution.The major jurisdictional problems facing law enforcement agencies in fighting cybercrime can be summarized as being the lack of harmonized rules in qualifying offences as cyber crimes within various states legal structures, lack of laws empowering investigative agencies in various states capabilities to trail crime across the borders and lastly inadequacy of laws allowing international cooperation to allow cross border prosecution. In the book â€Å"Underground† by Dreyfus a true story about an underground computer group threat predated the internet for more than ten years is narrated.The group was accused of having hacked into secure systems including; the Citibank, the pentagon NASA, NATO among others. It took several raids by both th e federal police and the police agencies to bring down the group. The group was subsequently brought to trial under the telecommunications act of 1991which was cited as outlining the legal proceedings surrounding cyber crimes. The penalty levied on the four who hacked major secured websites has been subject to criticism more so regarding the weight of the sentence in relation of the magnitude of the crime committed.The crimes if physical would have otherwise been considered dangerous and would have attracted sever sentence. This once again puts into spotlight the effectiveness of the Australian laws in dealing with such crimes. The question arising then was whether or not these regulations are sufficient enough to curb the cyber crimes menace. The latest bill on anti money laundering offers stiffer penalties accompanied with possibility of long term imprisonment thus meting out proportional penalties which could have a deterrent effect on such crimes.The 1991 telecommunication act i ncorporated section 74 and 76 criminal code of Australia in illustrating the issue of carrier and data. The legislation describes carrier and data considered property of the Australian commonwealth. The law includes data originating from commonwealth computers as well as data into the commonwealth computers as constituting carrier and data within the section definition. Unauthorized access to commonwealth computers is classified as criminal under section 76(b)-1 with section 76(b)-2 describing what qualifies as unauthorized access.Section 76(b)-3 expounds further to deal with acts that impeded, destroy or after data. Section 76(D) on the other hand emphasizes the on the mode of entry while section 76(e) specifies the prescribed punishment for individuals who contravene the provisions of the aforementioned sections. Unlike the previous cases where creative adaptation was applied in trying to deal with new crimes, the act currently addresses specific cases of computer crimes. For inst ance in the 1980’s the reported cases faced difficulties regarding whether or not legislation on theft could be applied to computer hackers.In the rulings the court held that information was not property and thus incapable of being stolen. Based on this, Gordon Hughes at one point suggested that hacking of computers could not be considered to constitute an act of theft. However, the telecommunication act, 1991 prescribes specific clauses that handle such cases. Section 76 of the act not only addresses the issue of unauthorized access and illegal copying, but goes further to include resulting damages of such access as constituting a criminal offense.Another milestone made by the Australian laws in fighting cyber crime is evidenced by the Victorian state parliament’s amendment of the 1958 Crimes Act top cater for cyber stalking crimes. The act caters addressing cyber stalking eliminating the cumbersome need for proof of a offenders conduct is such circumstance where the offered meant harm. The legislation goes along way in solving the burden of proof shouldered on law enforcement agencies in addition to the fact that unlike its predecessors it offers provisions for extraterritorial jurisdictions.It is important to note the burden of proving evidence that an offender was stalking was quite cumbersome given the fact that the evidence would disappear as soon as the communication was broken. However, with this new law an offender is considered to have engaged in a criminal by virtue of having meant harm in his/her activity. The cyber crime act has in addition addresses damages and computer related offenses offering more extensive approaches. It was formulated in line with THE recommendations of the Model Criminal Code officer’s committee.E-commerce has also been on the rise to more so in Australian and USA. The number of internet banking service being offered is constantly on the rise. The Australian government to deal with fraud related issues in this area has a series of legislations that control such operations. Such include; the proceeds of crime act 1987 which has the effect of obligating financial institutions to maintain all transactions records for future references, the payment systems regulation, 1998 within borrows a lot from the Wallis report.The Wallis legislation establishes three key regulators of e-commerce namely; The Reserve Bank of Australia, The Australian Prudential Regulation Authority and the Australian Securities and Investments Commissions. Such emerging legislations in Australia have had the effect of sealing some of the loopholes that would have let such crime activities go unpunished like the DPP v SUTCLIFFE, the magistrate’s court considering the trans-boundary nature of the crime in question, considered it as not being in apposition to effectively handle the matter.The Victorian Supreme Court’s decision however in effect came in to redeem the situation to an extent by establishin g jurisdiction of the court. Nonetheless the applicability of the crimes act 1958 still posed a challenge to the court in its examination of the reasons that made stalking a criminal offense. This still remains a challenge as even the 2003 amendment in its section 6(3) still makes specific to such cases with regard to limitations of the courts in the light of the individuals rights.The cases essentially reflected some of the hurdles provided for by the law in the fight against cyber crimes. While the Australian law has made major milestone in dealing with cybercrime within its territory, trans-national cyber crime still remains a challenge. In US v Griffiths, for instance the Australian legislations allowed for extradition of a suspect to face charges in the USA, however, the same cannot be said of other countries whose citizens commit crimes against Australian systems.Most countries still lack legislations that would provide grounds for such extraditions. This step was inline with both the international and the European conventions on cyber crimes which stressed the need for nation’s cooperation and unity in the fight against this vice. The convention just like the Australian laws undertook an extensive elaboration of the various forms of cyber crimes emphasizing the need for the member states and other signatories to develop legislation on the same.Unlike the early 1980’s where the legislation focused on criminalizing unauthorized access to computer systems without considerations of the inadequate investigative authority and penalties, recent reforms in Australia have taken a more realistic approach to safeguard computer systems integrity having acknowledged their centrality and commercial value. The cyber crimes act offers the much needed national model for legal response to cyber related offenses. The act possesses transnational aspects as constituted in the European Council Cyber Crime Convention.This allows expanded jurisdictional scope. Th e Australian cyber laws adequately prepares it to respond to the emerging cyber crimes more so considering the larger extra-territorial jurisdiction which recognizes both multijurisdictional dimension presented in Australia and overseas jurisdiction. Laws expanding on search warrant and conduction of covert surveillance have additionally had the impact on facilitating gathering of evidence. In general the Australian legislations provide adequate tools in dealing with the cyber crime menace.

Essay on mobile devices

Essay on mobile devices Essay on mobile devices Essay on mobile devicesCell phones and handheld computers are powerful technological innovations that due to their portability and increasing functionality are gradually replacing desktop computers. Watching their development experts assert that we won’t need a traditional PC at all in the near future as handheld computers and smart phones will have faster processors, more memory, higher-resolution screens, better wireless communication standards. They will generally give us more opportunities and flexibility. Today more and more people enjoy using smart technology to help them make informed decisions, as mobile technology brings all necessary data in your pocket and makes it available everywhere and any time. Researchers observe the existing trends of smart phones and handheld devices development and make bold predictions for the foreseeable future. But we should await these advances in technology along with various issues coming with it, like physical and digital worlds mesh ing.Mobile world rapidly changes allow us to predict the ways cell phones and handheld computers will evolve. Thus smart phones will have flexible displays balanced with small device size. There will be no microscopic phones though, manufacturers will offer us improved executions of dual-screen design. Future phones won’t be limited to wristwatch style and will resemble transformers with touch screen and full keyboard. Moreover, nanotechnologies will be used to make phones bendable with slim roll-up LED displays. In goes without saying that hypermedia cannot be implemented on paper, as copying the document on paper will always be less effective than clicking the reference. Near field communication technology with chips built in will make head-to-head games enjoyable and simplify transactions, data exchange, making instant payments for instance. Modern world requires instant reaction and data access with no time to print and staple copies.Thus innovation in payment industry wi ll bring new ways of advertising with the use of shopping and transaction history and will have other benefits for users and businesses, while innovation in entertainment industry will result in more comfortable and graphical gaming that will take place both in the physical and digital worlds. It will be of great assistance in travelling, as technology will enable instant record of photos and information and downloading to the world’s data bank as well as creation of individual walking tours instant. Equipped with power chipsets, processors will be many times faster and support NFC and stereoscopic 3D. Such displays will be integrated with elements of movements. Technology may also go so far as to implement holographic projections meaning a combination of 3D feature-features-smart phones and projections from smart phones. Devices will apply technology of augmented reality by collecting, analyzing and providing necessary data without their assistance. It will deliver accurate information about surroundings. Mobility and flexibility of devices will create new ways to interact, like via professional social networks where users will exchange digital business cards. Similar to Kinect, in-built projector and voice control will allow capture movements and voice commands and interact with different objects. Augmented reality technology will combine computer data to what we see in real life. With extended capabilities smart phones even now resemble mini computers, the next couple of years will bring a certain standard for recognizing places, things and people. Socially-aware service will help meet people in real-time and heavy PC will soon become secondary to people.Handheld computers and smart phones will generally be more ruggedized and will grant us with instant availability of any information and affordability. However, in future there will still remain two device types: cell phones and handheld computers with their main function at the core. Though the rese archers predict these Internet-connected mobile devices be complex gadgets with infinite features and have the biggest opportunities in the history of the technology industry, users will always value their simplicity and convenience.

Every Other

Every Other Every Other Every Other By Maeve Maddox Clarity of expression is the writer’s goal, but what is clear to the writer may not always be clear to the reader. Ambiguity is the enemy of clarity. ambiguity (noun): the capability of being understood in two or more ways. ambiguous (adjective): admitting more than one possible interpretation. nuance (noun): a subtle or slight variation or difference in meaning. Ambiguity is not always a bad thing in writing. In literature, for example, ambiguity and nuance contribute to the pleasure of the reader who enjoys an intellectual challenge. In a science text or instruction manual, on the other hand, ambiguity contributes to confusion and error. ESL learners, especially, have difficulty with expressions that can be interpreted in more than one way. Even native speakers are sometimes left wondering about the meaning of a common expression. â€Å"Every other† is one of these expressions. It can mean â€Å"each of several,† as in â€Å"The homeless have the same rights as every other citizen† (i.e., all other citizens). Or it can mean â€Å"every second one,† as in â€Å"Open Mike Every Other Saturday† (i.e., alternating Saturdays). Most native speakers would have no difficulty interpreting the following uses of â€Å"every other†: Your child will muddle through [a cold] like every other child.   The child’s father has visitation rights every other weekend. Why is every other politician trying to target Narenda Modi? Every particle of matter in the universe attracts every other particle. Even a native speaker, however, might have to think about the following: Every teacher in the group was asked to rate every other teacher for general teaching ability and skill in discipline. Employees will empty large trash bins on Fridays and small wastebaskets every other day. The writer’s intended audience dictates usage. If the writer’s audience can be expected to include readers of widely differing English comprehension, the use of even such a familiar idiom as â€Å"every other† must be scrutinized. Here are suggested revisions of the examples given above: Your child will muddle through [a cold] like all other children.   The child’s father has visitation rights on alternating weekends. Why are other politicians trying to target Narenda Modi? All particles of matter in the universe attract one another. Every teacher in the group was asked to rate each of the other teachers for general teaching ability and skill in discipline. Employees will empty large trash bins on Fridays and small wastebaskets on alternating days. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to Capitalize Animal and Plant NamesIn Search of a 4-Dot EllipsisList of 50 Compliments and Nice Things to Say!

LITERARY HISTORY, INTERPRETATION, & ANALYSIS Essay

LITERARY HISTORY, INTERPRETATION, & ANALYSIS - Essay Example Earlier to this, Henry and Beckett enjoyed a special relationship and Henry raised Beckett to the position of Chancellor and then to the Archbishop of Canterbury. By doing so the King wanted the control of Kingdom on ecclesiastical matters but Beckett undergoes a radical change in his character and attitude after accepting the honorable position. Beckett opposes King’s thirst for power as he tries to raise the crown above the Pope, gives up all the pleasures and starts living a very pious life .Thus, inviting King’s wrath. Thomas Beckett remains away from England for seven years and during his absence, the rule of the King was full of oppression and exploitation. Women folks cheer for his arrival at the time of Christmas but apprehend some disaster. Thomas Beckett is righteous and much loved priest. England awaits and welcomes his arrival. The three priests of the cathedral fear that the homecoming for Beckett won’t be easy as the King and Beckett won’t be able to renew their ties and the fuller reconciliation between them cannot be reached as both of them are head strong characters. The struggle appears more apparent as the plot develops. The homecoming might cost Beckett his life as it is very clear that the old ties cannot be renewed. The Play, Measure for Measure by Shakespeare is a distinctive play .It is been categorized as Black Comedy by some literary analysts. It is a comedy but not to entertain. In the garb of 2. comedy, some real societal problems have been raised therefore it does not fall in normal moulds of Shakespearean work. It is its own genre where the writer has dealt with the issues of power abuse and exploitation of women in the society. There is no protagonist in the play Measure for Measure as such, but all the main characters undergo struggle as the plot moves ahead. As this play deals with the abuse of power and authority, we find that the power is abused in the relationship as well and women are harassed and exploited in any relationship, be it a brother-sister relationship or a partner relationship. Isabella, Claudio’s sister is chaste and virtuous but she finds herself in a dilemma when her brother is arrested for impregnating his lover Juliet. She goes to Angelo and begs to show some mercy, who on the other hand suggests her to sleep with him. She is shocked and leaves. Isabella, on her way comes across Duke, who is disguised as Friar. He has done so to clean up the city from wrong doers. He tells Isabella that Angelo, himself is a big sinner. He has left his lover Mariana because her dowry got lost in a ship wreck. The characters in the play struggle as the plot develops and the true identity of Duke is revealed in the end. The first literary element is the PLOT; The Plot is a sequence of events in any literary work. Murder in the Cathedral very convincingly develops the social struggle faced by Thomas Beckett. The chorus in the play pays a major role in heightening the trag ic effect. In the beginning it informs the audience regarding the upheaval that might happen when the two titans clash. The readers are made aware in the very beginning that the play is about the death and calamity. The Plot is revealed in the words of chorus that they are the common people who, â€Å"try to keep our households in order,†